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History of Species in Biological Products
Release time:
2024-07-16 11:02
In the 10th century, China invented the vaccination technique and used the human vaccination method to prevent smallpox, which was the founding of artificial automatic immunization to prevent infectious diseases. Vaccination not only alleviates the condition, but also reduces death. In the 17th century, Russians came to China to learn vaccination, and then spread to Turkey, Britain, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asian countries, and then spread to America and Africa. 1796 British E. Jenner invented vaccinia vaccination methods to prevent smallpox, he used the attenuated virus (vaccinia) to inoculate people, to prevent virulent virus (smallpox) infection, so that people are not smallpox.
This method is safe and effective, and soon spread to all over the world. Vaccinia can be counted as the first safe and effective biological products. The development of microbiology and chemistry has promoted the research and production of biological products. In the mid-19th century, the concept of "immunity" was basically formed. In 1885, Frenchman L. Pasteur invented the rabies vaccine, which used artificial methods to weaken the virulence of the virus and made a vaccine. People bitten by rabies can avoid rabies after being vaccinated in time. Pasteur used the same method to make live chicken cholera vaccine and live anthrax vaccine, changing the past method of fighting poison with poison to making strong with weak. D.E. Salman, H.O. Smith and others have studied heated inactivated vaccines and successively developed inactivated vaccines such as typhoid fever and cholera. At the end of the 19th century, Japanese and German Beilin, E.(A.) treated diphtheria and tetanus toxins with chemical methods to make them lose their pathogenicity after treatment. The serum after inoculation of animals neutralizes the corresponding toxins. This serum is called antitoxin, and this detoxified toxin is called toxoid. R. Koch makes tuberculin, which is used to test the body for tuberculosis infection. The emergence of the concept of antigen-antibody reaction is helpful in clinical diagnosis. These laid the foundation for the development of microbiology and immunology, and continued to develop various biological products, which became more and more important in the prevention of diseases, and was one of the indispensable steps to control and eliminate infectious diseases.
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